The Values That Determine Consumption

1. Installed power (kW): Net film area × film power. See mosque power calculation and control panel for the calculation.
2. Zones switched on: Front rows only for daily prayers; the whole area for Friday and Eid prayers.
3. Running time: Pre-heating + prayer time.
4. Duty cycle: The thermostat runs the film intermittently; the cycle is high during the first warm-up of a cold mosque.

Consumption (kWh) = Power of active zones (kW) × Duty cycle × Time (hours)

Worked Example

Assumptions:

• Net film area 300 m², film power 150 W/m² → installed power 45 kW
• 15 zones of 3 kW each
• 5 zones (15 kW) on for each daily prayer, 1 hour per prayer (including pre-heating)
• All zones (45 kW) on for 2 hours for Friday prayers
• Average duty cycle 60%

Monthly cost = 1,570 kWh × the unit price per kWh for your mosque’s tariff group.

Values are for illustration only; the mosque’s insulation, climate zone, congregation size and thermostat settings will change the result.

What If There Were No Zoning?

If all 45 kW were switched on for every prayer in the same mosque: 45 × 0.6 × 5 = 135 kWh/day, or about 4,050 kWh per month. In this example, row-by-row zoning cuts consumption to roughly a third.

Ways to Reduce Consumption

• Row-by-row zoning: Heat only the rows that are in use.
• Time scheduling: Switch the system on 30–45 minutes before prayer time and off after the prayer.
• Underlay insulation: Use thermal insulation felt beneath the film.
• Door and window insulation: Draught lobbies and door seals reduce cold air ingress.
• Sensible set temperatures: Set the floor limit to 27–29 °C and the room temperature as required.

For ready-made systems and panels, see our mosque heating system and 24-row mosque heating control panel.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why does the first warm-up use more energy?

The cold floor, carpet and walls absorb heat first, during which the film runs almost continuously. As the system warms up, the duty cycle drops.

Is it better to keep a low temperature all day or switch on for prayers?

If the mosque is used frequently and winters are very cold, keeping a low base temperature in the front rows can shorten the first warm-up. In general, prayer-time scheduling is more economical.

Conclusion

Mosque under-carpet heating consumption is calculated from installed power, active zones, running time and duty cycle. Zoning and time scheduling reduce consumption significantly. Read our mosque heating article for an overview, or contact us for a free consumption calculation and site survey for your mosque.

The post How to Calculate the Electricity Consumption of Mosque Under-Carpet Heating appeared first on Oxa Technologies.

1. Defining the Area to Be Heated

The power calculation is based not on the mosque’s total floor area but on the net area where film will be laid. The mihrab, minbar, kürsü, fixed cabinets and gaps along the walls are deducted. In practice, about 70–85% of the carpeted area is covered with film. Areas such as the women’s gallery and the outer prayer area (son cemaat yeri) should be planned as separate zones.

2. Choosing the Power Density

In mosques, film power is chosen according to the building’s insulation, the climate zone and whether the system is the main or a supplementary heat source. Under-carpet applications typically use films of 150–220 W/m². Higher values are preferred for poorly insulated mosques in cold regions; lower values for well-insulated buildings or supplementary heating.

3. Worked Power Calculation

Assumptions: 400 m² carpeted area, 75% coverage, 150 W/m² film.

• Net film area: 400 × 0.75 = 300 m²
• Installed power: 300 × 0.15 = 45 kW
• Load per phase when balanced across three phases: 15 kW
• Phase current (400 V, cosφ ≈ 1): 45,000 ÷ (1.73 × 400) ≈ 65 A

This load could, for example, be divided into 15 zones (groups of prayer rows) of about 3 kW each – 5 zones per phase, each drawing about 13 A.

Note: This calculation is for preliminary sizing only. The final design must be prepared by an electrical engineer, taking into account heat-loss calculations, cable lengths and voltage drop.

4. Checking the Electrical Supply Capacity

The existing supply capacity of many mosques is insufficient for a heating load of this size. Before starting the project:

• Check the mosque’s current supply capacity and main breaker rating.
• If necessary, apply to the distribution company for a capacity increase.
• If an increase is not possible, divide the system into zones and limit the load running at any one time (e.g. only the front rows for daily prayers).

5. Components the Control Panel Should Contain

For thermostat selection, see our carbon film heater thermostat guide.

6. Zoning (Row-by-Row Control)

Zoning is the most effective way to save energy in mosques:

• Daily prayers: Front rows only.
• Friday and Eid prayers: The entire prayer hall and galleries.
• Women’s gallery: A separate zone with its own schedule.

The timer can be set to switch the system on 30–60 minutes before prayer time. Bringing zones on in short steps rather than all at once prevents sudden load surges on the supply.

7. Cable and Circuit Design

• Zone supply cables must be sized for zone current and cable length, with voltage drop calculated.
• Run cables along the base of walls and through trunking so they are not crushed under the carpet.
• Insulate film connection points and bond all metal parts to the earthing system.
• Place the panel somewhere easily accessible, lockable and away from moisture.

Frequently Asked Questions

How much power does mosque under-carpet heating need?

Net film area × film power. For example, 300 m² of 150 W/m² film requires 45 kW of installed power. Actual consumption is lower, depending on duty cycle and hours of use.

Can a mosque be heated on a single-phase supply?

For small masjids, yes. Medium and large mosques need a three-phase supply for load balancing and capacity.

How is monthly consumption calculated?

Installed power × duty cycle × daily hours of use × number of days. See our electricity consumption guide for details.

Conclusion

Good results in mosque under-carpet heating come from defining the net area correctly, choosing a suitable power density, checking the supply capacity and using a zoned, fully protected control panel. Read our article on mosque heating for an overview, or contact us for a free site survey, power calculation and panel design for your mosque.

The post Mosque Under-Carpet Heating Systems: Power Calculation and Control Panel Selection appeared first on Oxa Technologies.

Quick Answer: How Much Electricity Does Underfloor Heating Use?

Carbon film heaters draw 110–240 W per square metre, but thanks to the thermostat, actual consumption equals the room’s heat loss. In practice, a well-insulated space uses about 80 W/m² per hour, which means 19.2 kWh per square metre per month with 8 hours of daily use. For a 20 m² room that is about 384 kWh/month – 1,536 TRY/month at 4 TRY/kWh.

How Does Carbon Film Underfloor Heating Work?

A carbon film heater (see benefits of carbon film underfloor heating for details) consists of conductive carbon strips embedded in a thin polymer film. When current is applied, the carbon conductors heat up and transfer that heat directly to the surface. Because the system works without water pipes, circulation pumps or boiler equipment, energy losses are low.

The film’s power per square metre ranges from 110 W to 240 W. The system must always be used with a room thermostat, which continuously measures the room temperature and automatically switches the film off when the set point is reached. The film therefore runs intermittently rather than continuously throughout the day.

How to Calculate Underfloor Heating Electricity Consumption

When calculating consumption, the basis is the room’s heat loss, not the film’s rated power – because a thermostat-controlled system draws only enough energy to cover the heat loss. The calculation has three steps:

1. Determine the room’s hourly heat loss (in watts). For a home with normal insulation, about 80 W per square metre is assumed.
2. Divide the hourly heat loss by 1,000 to get hourly consumption in kWh.
3. Multiply the hourly consumption by the daily operating hours and the number of days in the month, then by the unit price of electricity to get the monthly cost.

Worked Example: A 20 m² Living Room

The hourly heat loss of a normally insulated 20 m² living room is about 1,600 W. If 15 linear metres of carbon film are laid in the room, total film power reaches 3,600 W. However, the thermostat only allows as much energy as the heat loss; the system is on for an average of 25–26 minutes per hour. Actual hourly consumption is therefore 1.6 kWh.

For 8 hours of operation per day, monthly consumption and cost are: 1.6 kWh × 8 hours = 12.8 kWh/day → 12.8 × 30 days = 384 kWh/month → 384 × 4 TRY = 1,536 TRY/month.

Monthly Electricity Consumption and Cost by Room Size

The table below summarises underfloor heating consumption and monthly cost for different room sizes, based on 8 hours of operation per day, a well-insulated space and an example price of 4 TRY/kWh.

Note: The values in the table are for well-insulated spaces. In poorly insulated buildings heat loss can be 1.5–2 times higher, and consumption and cost rise by the same proportion. Recalculate costs using your current local electricity price.

Factors Affecting Underfloor Heating Electricity Consumption

Consumption can vary considerably between two homes of the same size. The reason is not the system’s power but the parameters that determine the room’s heat loss. The following factors directly affect consumption:

• Building insulation: In buildings with poorly insulated walls, roofs and floors, heat loss is greater and the system runs longer.
• Window and glazing type: Single glazing or poor-quality PVC frames can account for 20–30% of heat loss.
• Thermostat setting: Each 1 °C increase raises consumption by roughly 6–7%.
• Daily hours of use: How many hours a day the system is on directly determines total consumption.
• Floor covering: Ceramic tiles and natural stone conduct heat well; carpet and thick laminate reduce efficiency.
• Ceiling height: Ceilings above 2.7 metres mean a larger volume to heat.
• Outdoor temperature: In colder climates the system runs for longer.

How to Save Electricity with Underfloor Heating

When correctly designed, carbon film underfloor heating offers clear savings over conventional heating. The following measures can cut your bill by 20–40%:

• Use a programmable or smart thermostat and lower the temperature by 2–3 °C when the home is empty.
• Keep the comfort temperature at 19–20 °C rather than 21–22 °C.
• Check window and door seals; upgrade single glazing to double glazing.
• Lay a heat-reflective (aluminium-faced) underlay beneath the film, and do not neglect subfloor insulation.
• Use zone heating: heat the seating areas in use rather than the whole room, with a separate thermostat for each room.
• Do not cover the film with thick carpets or heavy furniture; this reduces heat transfer and shortens film life.
• Programme a night mode that runs at 16–18 °C.

How Economical Is Underfloor Heating Compared with Other Systems?

Because underfloor heating spreads heat evenly from floor to ceiling, it achieves the same comfort while heating the air to a lower temperature. With conventional radiators, the area near the ceiling can reach 24–25 °C while it feels like 19–20 °C at seated level; with underfloor heating the difference is very small. As a result, a thermostat setting 2–3 °C lower is enough for the same comfort, reducing total energy demand.

Like all resistive electric heaters (other than heat pumps), carbon film converts almost all electricity into heat. The difference is that it delivers that heat directly into the floor rather than the air, so the same comfort is achieved at a lower thermostat setting. Investment costs are low and maintenance costs are virtually zero. For a comparison with wet systems, see underfloor heating vs radiators.

Frequently Asked Questions

How much electricity does carbon film underfloor heating use per hour?

Heat loss, not film power, is what matters. In a normally insulated 20 m² room, hourly consumption averages 1.6 kWh; in well-insulated buildings this can fall to 1.0–1.2 kWh.

How much higher will my bill be without a thermostat?

Running without a thermostat is theoretically possible but raises the cost 2–2.5 times and shortens the system’s life. Carbon film heaters must always be installed with a thermostat.

Which floor covering is most efficient?

Ceramic tiles and natural stone conduct heat best. Laminate and parquet can be used, but their thermal resistance should not exceed 0.15 m²K/W. Efficiency can drop by up to 30% where carpet is laid.

Can carbon film underfloor heating be the only heating system in a home?

Yes. In a home insulated to current standards, it can be used as the sole main heating system. In poorly insulated buildings, it is best planned together with supplementary heating.

Does it need maintenance after installation?

Carbon film heaters have no moving parts, so in practice there are no maintenance costs. Simply check once a year that the thermostat is working correctly.

Conclusion

Correctly designed, carbon film underfloor heating is a modern solution offering low investment cost, silent operation and high comfort. A monthly consumption of 384 kWh (about 1,536 TRY) can be taken as a reference for a normally insulated 20 m² room; with good insulation, correct thermostat use and zone heating, this figure can be reduced by 20–40%.

For an alternative method based on installed power and duty cycle, see our carbon film heater bill calculation guide. Using this method you can easily calculate each room and avoid surprises before installation. You will find the different system types in underfloor heating systems and consumption scenarios for cable systems in our cable underfloor heating guide.

Contact us for under-carpet heaters, thermostats and carbon heating film control panels. We supply materials and installation throughout Türkiye.

The post Underfloor Heating Electricity Consumption appeared first on Oxa Technologies.

Heating Systems Used in Offices

Solid-fuel stoves were once common. Today, with the spread of natural gas and the development of comfortable methods such as underfloor heating, there are many more options. The most common office heating methods are:

• Radiator heating from a gas combi boiler or central system
• Wet (hydronic) underfloor heating
• Electric underfloor heating (carbon film or heating cable)
• Heat pumps and VRF/air-conditioning systems
• Fan coil units
• Electric infrared (radiant) heaters
• Geothermal heating (where a source is available)

Comparison of Office Heating Methods

Note: This is a general assessment; building insulation, energy prices and hours of use can change the outcome.

Central vs Zoned Heating

In central systems the whole building is heated from a single boiler or heat pump. Maintenance is carried out at one point, and space is saved because each office does not need its own unit. However, unnecessary consumption can occur when offices work different hours.

With zoned heating, each office or room is controlled by its own thermostat. Consumption is easier to manage, especially in workplaces with different working hours and in rented offices.

Electric Underfloor Heating in Offices

In electric underfloor heating, heating cables or carbon heating films are laid directly in the floor. No water, pumps or boilers are needed, which gives offices the following advantages:

• Even warmth: Under-desk areas and feet stay warm, with no cold corners.
• Space saving: Without radiators, walls are free for cabinets, shelving and glass partitions.
• Maintenance-free: With no moving parts, there is practically no maintenance compared with wet systems.
• Flexible installation: Carbon films can be laid under parquet or carpet without breaking up the floor during refurbishment.
• Easy control: A programmable thermostat automatically lowers the temperature outside working hours.

The best efficiency is achieved on well-insulated floors. To see monthly consumption in advance, use the calculation method in our article on underfloor heating electricity consumption.

What to Consider When Choosing an Office Heating System

1. Building insulation: If heat loss is high, improve insulation first.
2. Hours of use: Fast-response systems are better for short and irregular use.
3. Ownership: In rented offices, removable or easily installed solutions are preferred.
4. Floor covering: Parquet, laminate, carpet or tiles determine the type of heater.
5. Cooling needs: If cooling is also needed in summer, consider combining with a heat pump.

Frequently Asked Questions

Which is the most economical office heating system?

For long, regular use, heat pumps and wet underfloor heating offer the lowest running costs. For short-term and zoned use, electric underfloor heating stands out for its low installation cost.

Can underfloor heating be installed in a rented office?

Yes. Carbon film systems can be installed quickly under parquet or carpet without breaking up the floor.

What is the difference between underfloor heating and radiators?

Underfloor heating distributes heat evenly from the floor, while radiators heat the air in front of the wall. For a detailed comparison, read underfloor heating vs radiators.

Conclusion

The right office heating system depends on the building, hours of use and budget. For an overview of underfloor heating types, see underfloor heating systems, or contact us for a free survey and quotation for your office.

The post Office Heating Systems appeared first on Oxa Technologies.

Mosque Heating Methods

Heating methods used in mosques fall into two main groups:

• Systems that heat the air: Stoves, central heating radiators, fan heaters and air conditioners.
• Systems that heat the floor: Wet underfloor heating and electric under-carpet heating (carbon film or heating cable).

Stoves and Radiators

Although stoves are still used in small village mosques, they are increasingly being abandoned because of fuel costs, ash, soot and constant maintenance. Radiators heat the air in front of the walls; warm air quickly rises into the dome and most of the heat remains in the upper space, away from the congregation.

Underfloor (Under-Carpet) Heating

During prayer, worshippers are in direct contact with the floor. That is why the most efficient method for mosques is to heat the floor, not the air. Under-carpet heating delivers heat exactly where it is needed – the surface where the congregation sits and prostrates.

Why Do Mosques Struggle to Stay Warm?

• High ceilings and domes: The volume of air to be heated is very large.
• Frequently opened doors: Doors open and close constantly at prayer times, letting cold air in.
• Uninsulated floors: Especially in older mosques, cold from the floor passes straight into the carpet.
• Irregular use: Mosques are used intensively at certain times of day; systems that run continuously waste energy.

Mosque Under-Carpet Heating with Carbon Film

Carbon film heaters consist of conductive carbon strips laminated between two polymer layers. Copper busbars along the edges distribute electricity to the film, which produces even heat across its entire surface. Just a fraction of a millimetre thick, it is laid beneath the existing carpet without breaking up the floor.

Film quality depends on the uniformity of the carbon layer, the cross-section of the copper busbar and the insulation layers. Cheap, low-quality films can lose power over time or develop hot spots, so it is important to use certified products. For more on carbon film, see the benefits of carbon film underfloor heating.

Advantages of Mosque Under-Carpet Heating

Economical Operation

Because the system heats only the floor where the congregation is, there is no need to heat the volume of the dome. A timed thermostat and control panel switch the heating on automatically before prayer times and off after the congregation leaves.

Zone Control

Films are supplied row by row, so only occupied rows or specific sections can be heated – the whole area for Friday and Eid prayers, and just the front rows for daily prayers.

Even Heat Distribution

The same floor temperature is achieved throughout the mosque, with no cold areas by the doors or walls.

Savings in Maintenance and Time

No fuel to carry, stoves to light or boilers to maintain. Staff simply set the thermostat schedule.

A Clean, Quiet Environment

No fan noise, soot, odours or dust-raising air currents – the tranquillity of the place of worship is preserved.

How Is Mosque Under-Carpet Heating Installed?

1. Survey and calculation: The mosque’s net carpeted area, row layout and electrical infrastructure are examined and the required power is calculated.
2. Lifting the carpets: Carpets are rolled up and the floor cleaned. No nails are driven into the floor, and the existing floor is not damaged.
3. Insulation layer: Insulation felt is laid to prevent heat escaping into the floor, with a polythene sheet as a moisture barrier.
4. Laying the films: Carbon films are laid out according to the row dimensions and secured.
5. Connections and panel: Each row is supplied by its own circuit, connected to an RCD-protected control panel.
6. Testing and relaying the carpets: After insulation and function tests, the carpets are laid back down.

What Determines the Cost of Mosque Heating?

The cost of mosque under-carpet heating depends on the net area to be heated, the quality and power of the film, the number of control panels and thermostats, and whether the existing electrical infrastructure is sufficient. Running costs depend on hours of use and the mosque’s insulation. We explain how installed power and the control panel are determined in mosque under-carpet heating power calculation and control panel, and how monthly consumption is calculated, with examples, in mosque under-carpet heating electricity consumption.

In large mosques, the adequacy of the electrical supply capacity must be checked during the survey. If necessary, the system is divided into zones to limit the power drawn at any one time.

Frequently Asked Questions

Will under-carpet heating damage mosque carpets?

No. The thermostat and floor sensor keep the surface temperature at a level that will not harm the carpet.

Can it be installed under existing carpets?

Yes. The carpets are lifted, the film is laid and the same carpets are relaid.

How long does installation take?

In a medium-sized mosque, installation is usually completed within a few days.

Can only certain rows be heated?

Yes. Thanks to row-based circuit design, only the sections in use can be switched on.

Conclusion

Under-carpet carbon film heating delivers heat where the congregation is – a programmable, clean and maintenance-free solution. For other underfloor heating options, see underfloor heating systems. Contact us for a free survey and quotation for mosque underfloor heating installation and materials.

The post Mosque Heating: Under-Carpet Carbon Film Systems appeared first on Oxa Technologies.

What Is a Carbon Film Heating System?

For technical details, see also what is a carbon film heater?

A carbon film heater consists of conductive carbon strips laminated between two thin polymer layers. Copper busbars along the edges distribute electricity to the carbon strips. When current flows, the carbon layer heats up and spreads the heat evenly across the whole surface.

The film is extremely thin, so it can be laid under parquet, laminate or carpet without raising the floor.

The Benefits of Underfloor Heating

1. Programmable Heating

The system is controlled by a room thermostat and can be programmed to switch on and off at the times you choose. This delivers significant savings in spaces used at specific times, such as mosques, cemevis and churches. For more on this, see our mosque heating article.

2. Long Life

Carbon films have no moving parts. With correct installation and thermostat control, they run trouble-free for many years, and quality products come with a manufacturer’s warranty.

3. Economical Use

Because heat spreads evenly from the floor, the same comfort is achieved at a lower thermostat setting than with systems that heat the air. There is also no boiler, pump or flue to maintain. To calculate actual consumption, see our underfloor heating electricity consumption guide.

4. Time Saving

The thermostat maintains the temperature automatically – no need to add fuel to a stove or keep adjusting the system. You can browse and order a suitable thermostat on our Oxa room thermostat (32 A) page.

5. Space Saving

Because the heater sits beneath the floor, it takes up no space in the room. With no radiators or stoves, you are free to arrange furniture as you like.

6. Easy Cleaning

No stove soot, ash or dust collecting behind radiators. With little air circulation, less dust moves around the room.

7. A Healthy Environment

Underfloor heating keeps feet warm and the head cool – widely regarded as the most comfortable temperature profile for the human body. With no drying warm-air currents, the room feels more balanced.

8. Comfort

Children and pets can play comfortably on the warm floor, and the same temperature is felt throughout large spaces.

9. Safety

When carbon films are controlled by an electronic thermostat and floor sensor, the surface temperature remains stable and safe. With no open flames or hot surfaces, the risk of burns and fire is reduced. Installation must always be on an electrical circuit protected by an RCD.

Where Is Carbon Film Underfloor Heating Used?

Homes, offices, schools, nurseries, mosques and prefabricated buildings are the main applications. Floor heating is a long-standing tradition in countries such as South Korea and Japan, and it has been spreading rapidly in Türkiye in recent years. We compare options for workplaces in our office heating systems article.

How Is Carbon Film Installed?

1. Floor preparation: Carpets are lifted and the floor is cleaned.
2. Insulation: Thermal insulation felt or reflective underlay is laid to stop heat escaping downwards, with a polythene sheet on top as a moisture barrier.
3. Laying the films: Carbon films are laid in rows to suit the carpet or parquet dimensions and secured.
4. Electrical connection: Each row is supplied by cable and the cables are connected to the control panel, allowing temperature control room by room or row by row.
5. Testing and floor covering: After insulation and function tests, the carpet, parquet or laminate is relaid.

For more on this screed-free method, read our article on screedless underfloor heating.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is carbon film safe under carpet?

Yes. When used with a thermostat and floor sensor, the surface temperature is kept at a level that will not harm the carpet.

Which floors can carbon film be used under?

Carpet, laminate and parquet. Under ceramic tiles, a heating cable or heating mat is usually preferred.

How much electricity does carbon film underfloor heating use?

Consumption depends on the room’s heat loss, not the film’s power. See our consumption guide for worked examples.

Conclusion

Carbon film underfloor heating is a comfortable, clean and easy-to-install heating method. Compare it with other options in our underfloor heating systems article, or contact us for a materials and installation quotation.

The post The Benefits of Underfloor Heating with Carbon Film appeared first on Oxa Technologies.